3.4.1 Plain cement concrete aprons.
Driveway aprons shall be constructed at all private driveways within residential areas and at all driveway approaches of ingress or egress from abutting industrial or commercial properties Such driveway aprons shall be constructed within the limits which extend between the sidewalk edge nearest to the street pavement and the back edge of the curb nearest to the adjacent sidewalk The minimum width of the apron shall be twelve (12) feet in residential areas, and the maximum width shall be thirty-five (35) feet in commercial or industrial areas The depth of plain cement concrete apron pavements shall be six (6) inches in residential areas seven (7) inches in commercial areas and eight (8) inches in industrial areas
The concrete shall be Class A concrete obtained from approved suppliers conforming to that specified hereinbefore under item 3 210
The subgrade shall be excavated to the depth, width and length hereinabove specified, and the bottom of the excavated subgrade shaped uniformly and compacted to the required limits.
Forms- for the concrete -dive-aprons shall -be set true, free from warps and bends, securely braced and sufficiently watertight to prevent loss of water contained within the concrete
Concrete shall be placed, spread and finished as hereinbefore specified in item 3.3 7
Curing of concrete, removal of forms, backfilling and restrictions stipulated due to inclement weather shall be as specified hereinbefore in item 3 3 7 of these specifications
3.4.2 Driveway entrance.
Driveway entrance shall be a newly poured in place depressed curb section in accordance with 3 5 1 (b) Removing the top edge of existing curbing is prohibited Minimum length of replaced driveway depressed curb shall be the driveway width plus three (3) feet on each side of the driveway
3.5.1 Cement concrete curbs.
This item shall consist of portland cement concrete curbs, depressed concrete curbs and curb gutters constructed on a prepared subgrade to the following dimensions
(a) Standard curb (PDH Class B Modified)
Seven-inch top, nine-inch base, twenty-two-inch depth, eight-inch reveal with a battered front face and a top front radius of three-fourths (3/4) inch, conforming to the lines, grade and typical cross sections of the approved drawings, unless otherwise directed by the governing authorities, such as may be in the case of curbs abutting state highways
(b) Depressed curb Transition of depression twenty-two (22) inches, reveal through depression one and one-half (11/2) inches, fifteen-and-one-half-inch depth with a battered front face and a top front radius of three-fourths (3/4) inch, conforming to the line, grade and typical cross sections of the approved drawings
Unless otherwise directed by the Engineer, the minimum longitudinal distance of standard curb separating two (2) depressed curbs shall be three (3) feet
The concrete for plain cement concrete curbs, depressed curbs and curb gutters shall be Class A concrete obtained from approved supplier conforming to that hereinbefore specified under item 3.2 10 The slump shall be one (1) to three (3) inches
Excavation for curbs shall be made to the required depth, and the material upon which the curb is to be constructed shall be compacted to a firm, even surface as specified for special subgrade, or be firm virgin earth
The forms for the concrete shall be of metal, straight, free from warps or kinks and of sufficient strength They shall be staked securely enough to resist the pressure of the concrete without spring Caution shall be taken when staking the forms to prevent damage to the pipe underdrains in place When ready for the concrete to be deposited, they shall not vary from the approved line and grade and shall so remain throughout the pour of concrete and until the concrete has received its initial set Where a face form for a curb is used, it shall be so designed as to permit it to be securely fastened to the other forms
Just prior to placing the concrete, the subgrade shall be slightly moistened to afford better adhesion The concrete shall be placed an horizontal layers not to exceed five (5) inches and spaded sufficiently to eliminate all voids The top surface of concrete shall be finished true to line and grade in a smooth, neat and even manner by means of a wooden float All faces adjacent to the forms shall be spaded so that after the forms are stripped, the surface of the faces shall be smooth, even and free of honeycomb All edges shall be tool-rounded
The curb shall be constructed in uniform lengths of ten (10) feet except where shorter sections are required for closures, curves for-radius-returns or curves at other locations-m-the work
Expansion joints consisting of one-half-inch premolded filler cut to conform to the cross section of the curb shall be placed at intervals of not more than thirty (30) feet on tangent curb and at the PC's and P T's of curves and radius returns Where concrete curbs are constructed adjacent to rigid pavements or concrete base courses, the abutting face for the full depth of the slab shall be painted with Pennsylvania J-1 material prior to placing the curb
The forms shall not be removed within forty-eight-(48) hours after the concrete has been placed No rubbing to correct irregularities will be permitted until the full curing period of seventy-two (72) hours has elapsed All joints in the curb shall be opened from top to bottom immediately after the forms are removed, and the edges adjacent to the joints shall be sharp and clean cut After the forms are removed, minor defects shall be filled with mortar composed of one (1) part of cement to two (2) parts of fine aggregate
Curing of the concrete shall be continued for a minimum period of seventy-two (72) hours after the concrete has been placed Liquid membrane curing compound may be used, as specified under item 3 3 7 of these specifications, in lieu of water sprinkling treatment
Backfill shall be of suitable selected material and shall be placed and tamped in layers not exceeding six (6) inches and compacted until firm and solid in all locations Backfilling shall follow immediately after the forms have been removed
No concrete shall be poured on frozen or thawing subgrade or during unfavorable weather conditions or when the atmospheric temperature is thirty-eight degrees Fahrenheit (38 F ) and falling
3.5.2 Cement concrete sidewalks.
This item shall consist of sidewalk made of one (1) course portland cement concrete constructed on a prepared subgrade in accordance with the lines, grades and typical cross sections as shown on the standard detailed drawings of these specifications, or as otherwise directed by the Engineer
The concrete for this item shall be Class A concrete as hereinbefore specified for cement concrete curbs, item 3 5 1
The subgrade shall be excavated to the depth and width conforming to the accepted cross sections All boulders, organic material, soft clay, spongy material and any other objectionable material shall be removed and replaced with approved material to the depth as directed by the Engineer The subgrade shall be properly shaped, rolled and uniformly compacted to the accepted lines and grades of the approved cross sections
The prepared subgrade shall consist of a four-inch insulation course of stone, slag or cinders of approved quality The approved aggregates shall be spread on the prepared foundation to form a compacted bed This material shall be compacted thoroughly If cinders are used, they shall be wetted as directed Outlets for draining the bed shall be provided when required
The thickness of concrete placed over the prepared subgrade shall be four (4) inches for standard sidewalks and six (6) inches for all sidewalks which cross private driveways in residential areas, seven (7) inches in commercial areas and eight (8) inches in industrial areas
Sidewalks shall not exceed a seven percent (7%) grade. Steps or a combination of steps and ramps shall be utilized to maintain the maximum grades
Sidewalks shall be laterally pitched at a slope not less than one-eighth (1/8) inch per foot to provide for adequate surface drainage
The forms for the concrete shall be of wood or metal, straight, free from warp and of sufficient strength when staked to resist the -pressure of the concrete without springing When ready for the concrete placement, the forms shall not vary from the approved line and grade and-shall so remain-until the-concrete has set
Just prior to placing the concrete, the subgrade shall be slightly moistened The concrete shall be placed in the forms and thoroughly tamped into place so that all honeycomb will be eliminated and sufficient mortar will be brought to the surface to afford good workability in the finish The surface shall be brought to a smooth, even finish by means of a wooden float All faces adjacent to the forms shall be spaded as the concrete is placed to prevent honeycomb and to provide smooth and even surfaces -when the forms are removed -All edges shall be toolrounded
Premolded transverse expansion joints shall be placed at intervals not to exceed thirty (30) feet and shall be one-half (1/z) inch in thickness for the full depth of the concrete Sidewalks shall be scored to a depth of one (1) inch spaced longitudinally every four (4) to six (6) feet
Curing of the concrete, backfilling and the cold weather requirements shall be as hereinbefore specified under item 3 3 7 specifications.
3.6.1 Approved drawings.
Drawings showing the drainage, size, shape and geometric design of the proposed areas to be provided as off-street parking areas or off-street loading areas shall be approved by the township officials and shall govern the limits of construction as herein specified
3.6.2 Materials.
The materials to be used shall be as specified herein and shall be of the types and kind approved by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation specifications and all current bulletins relative thereto The materials shall be procured from suppliers who are listed within the current certified and approved list of suppliers for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation and shall meet the gradation requirements and mix design as hereinbefore specified within the following items
(a) The course aggregates shall be as specified in item 3.3 6 (Crushed Aggregate Base Course) of these specifications
(b) The fine material shall be either stone or slag and it shall conform to the grading requirements currently specified in the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation Specifications and as specified in item 3 3 5 (special subgrade) of these specifications
(c) The bituminous wearing surface shall meet the requirements of item 3 3 8 of these specifications for bituminous surface course
(d) Pipe, inlets, manholes, pipe underdrains and/or bleeders shall meet the requirements as to strength, gradation and dimensions as may be relative to each as specified within Section 3 2 (street drainage and storm sewer system) of these specifications and in accordance with the standard detailed drawing of these specifications
3.6.3 Construction methods.
The parking and loading areas shall be constructed as herein specified with relation to and in accordance with the approved drawings
The grading and preparation of the area shall be conducted utilizing all methods indicated in these specifications and in keeping with good construction practices The initial clearing and grubbing of the area shall first be accomplished, after which the placement of embankment or the performing of the excavation, as the case may be, shall be carried on prior to the preparation of the subgrade All necessary drainage structures, as may be required, shall be installed in accordance with the approved drawings prior to the preparation of the subgrade
Upon completion of the rough grading operations and the installation of the drainage structures, the -subgrade shall be formed and shaped to the prescribed grades and compacted utilizing a power roller weighing not less than ten (10) tons The subgrade shall be constructed to a tolerance of plus or minus one-tenth (0.1) foot
Unless otherwise indicated, a layer of fine material shall be placed over the subgrade as bed and filler prior to placing the course material One (1) cubic yard of this fine material shall be used for each thirty-six (36) square yards of subgrade This material shall be dry rolled prior to the placement of the base
course material
The course material comprising the base course shall be then placed to a depth sufficient to afford a six-inch thickness after final compaction The compaction of the base course material shall be accomplished by utilizing a power roller weighing not less than ten (10) tons or approved vibratory equipment The course material shall be placed by the utilization of mechanical spreaders or approved spreading boxes and is to be placed to provide a uniform grade All aggregated material shall be removed and replaced with well-graded materials This material shall not be placed on a wet or frozen subgrade and not more than an average day's work shall be placed in advance of filling and rolling
The application of fine material shall be performed after the course material has been rolled satisfactorily The fine material shall be spread in thin layers evenly distributed over the surface of the base course and broomed well into the voids Rolling shall then continue by utilizing a ten-ton roller until the base material has been sufficiently compacted and locked, so that no movement of the course material is evident In no case shall fill material be dumped in piles on the base course material
The preparation of the base course prior to the placement of the wearing surface shall be accomplished by brooming excess fine material from the surface and cleaning the surface of all foreign materials
3.6.4 Wearing surface binder course.
The wearing surface shall be placed in two (2) courses utilizing the bituminous surface ID-2 The primary course shall consist of the binder placed to a sufficient depth to afford a total thickness of one and one-fourth (11/4) inches after compaction The material shall be spread to the prescribed line, grade and thickness utilizing a mechanical paver designed to regulate the application of the material The material shall be rolled as soon as practicable using a tandem power roller weighing not less than ten (10) tons The roller shall be equipped with wheel watering devices One roller shall be provided for each thirty
(30) tons per hour of application All depressions in the binder course in excess of one (1) inch or more in depth shall be patched with binder material Care shall be taken to avoid long runs prior to folding back and placing the next lane so as to prevent unsatisfactory joint adhesion
3.6.5 Wearing surface; surface course.
The Surface course shall be placed by using the same methods indicated in item 3 6 4 above, to a depth sufficient to afford a thickness of three-fourths (3/4) of an inch after compaction Specific care shall be taken to seal all joints by rolling and overlapping of materials The prescribed grades as indicated on the approved drawings shall be met with this course with a final construction tolerance of one-fourth (1/4) of an inch, or as otherwise indicated, using a sixteen-foot straight edge After final rolling of the wearing surface, sufficient fine material or screenings shall be spread over the finish and the area closed to traffic for a period of at least seventy-two (72) hours or longer, as may be directed by the Engineer
3.6.6 Plain cement concrete curbs.
Where indicated on the approved drawings or specified by the township or the governing authority, plain cement concrete curd shall be constructed to the dimensions specified in item 3.51 of these specifications, as shown on the approved drawings, or in the case of curb abutting state highways, it shall be of the dimension required by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation The determination of the latter shall be obtained through consultation with the Department of Transportation at the time a state highway occupancy permit is obtained The curb shall be constructed of the materials and by the methods specified in section 3 5 of these specifications Line and grade shall conform to that established by the municipal authorities or the state authorities and in accordance with the approved drawings Specific attention is directed to the necessity-of obtaining proper location for curb when such curb abuts state or township roads
3.6.7 Plain cement concrete sidewalks.
Where indicated on the approved drawings or specified by the township or the governing authorities, plain cement concrete sidewalks shall be constructed of the materials, procured from approved suppliers and, by the methods hereinbefore specified in item 3 5 2 of these specifications, to the line and grade conforming to that established by the municipal authorities or the governing authority, and in accordance with the approved drawings
3.6.8 Construction inspection.
Upon the approval of the plan drawings and prior to actual construction of the facilities or improvements specified in this Section 3 6, the owner or the owner's contractor shall notify the township three (3) days in advance of actual construction operations so that the township may arrange for proper construction inspection, as hereinbefore specified in item 1 5 4 of these specifications
3.7.1 Finish grading.
The work to be performed under this item shall consist of furnishing and placing topsoil materials in specified areas, including the preparation of said areas to the lines, grades and dimensions indicated on the standard detailed drawings of these specifications or as otherwise directed by the governing authorities
The topsoil material shall consist of friable loam reasonably free from subsoil, clay lumps, stones or similar objects larger than two (2) inches in any dimension, also brush roots, objectionable vegetation, litter or other material unsuitable or harmful to plant growth
Whenever practicable, the topsoil material shall be procured from areas within the limits of excavation provided on the project Topsoil material shall be removed from any designated area prior to the performance of normal excavation in said area, shall be kept separate from other excavation and shall be stockpiled at locations as may be designated at the job site
After normal grading of the specified areas has been completed, the contractor shall dress and shape these areas to the lines, grades, cross section and depth necessary to provide for the specified or required depth of completed topsoil These areas shall be cleared of all unsuitable material and shall be loosened by raking or other approved manner
The approved topsoil material shall be placed and spread over the prepared areas to the approved depth after natural settlement and compaction The spread topsoil shall be compacted by means of a light roller weighing not over one hundred twenty (120) pounds per foot width of roller The finished surface of the topsoil shall be smooth, even and true to lines, grades and cross section specified or required
Topsoiling operations shall be performed at such tunes satisfactory to the Engineer and only under suitable weather conditions.
3.7.2 Seeding.
This work shall consist of furnishing and placing seed and soil supplements on a prepared seed bed as provided under item 3 71-above-or on such other areas as may-be-required by the governing authorities
The seed shall be obtained from a dealer or manufacturer whose product is shown by analysis to fulfill the guarantee of conformity to all laws and regulations of the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry, Act 159 of the Laws of Pennsylvania (1921) Seeds and mixtures shall conform to those specified by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation specifications (current edition)
Soil supplements and commercial fertilizers shall conform to the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation-specifications (current edition)
After the areas required to be seeded have been brought to the grades indicated on the approved drawing or specified, they shall be thoroughly loosened to a depth of at least two (2) inches by plowing, discing or harrowing or by other approved methods until the tillage is acceptable Any irregularities in the surface resulting from tillage shall be smoothed out before seeding operations are begun to prevent the formation of watercollecting pockets The seeding shall be applied at the rate of two and three-tenths (2 3) pounds per one thousand (1,000) square feet of surface unless otherwise specified The contractor shall employ a satisfactory method of sowing, making use of approved mechanical power drawn drills or seeders or mechanical hand seeders Broadcast seeding either by hand or by sowing equipment may also be used when approved as to method of application by the Engineer After the seed has been sown it shall be covered to an average depth of one-fourth (1/4) inch by means of a brush harrow, spike-tooth harrow, chain harrow, rake or other approved device After the seed has been covered to the specified depth, the seed area shall be immediately rolled, unless otherwise directed, with an approved lawn roller weighing not over sixty-five (65) pounds per foot of width of roller for clay soils or any soil having a tendency to pack, and not over one hundred twenty (120) pounds per foot width of roller for sandy or light soils
The owner or the owner's contractor shall properly water, mow and otherwise maintain all seeded areas until final acceptance of the work Damage resulting from erosion, gullies, washouts and/or other causes shall be repaired by refilling with topsoil, tamping to proper compaction, refertilizing and reseeding, as above specified
The operation of the actual sowing of the seed shall be performed within the dates approved by the Engineer and subject to seasonal weather conditions
3.8.1 Semifinal inspection.
As outlined in item 1 10 5 of these specifications, the semifinal inspection shall set forth requirements of additional work which may be necessary to fulfill the stipulations of the contract, specifications and plan drawings Therefore, to expedite the inspection and to minimize the ensuing work after the inspection, the contractor shall review his work carefully and shall make all repairs and adjustments found necessary to meet the required stipulations of the inspection, prior to applying to the municipal authorities for the semifinal inspection In general the following items shall receive thorough inspection by the governing officials
(a) Concrete Curbs, sidewalks, pavements and structures It is the intent of these specifications to require forms, mixture of concrete and workmanship so that concrete surfaces, when exposed, will require no patching However, surface defects which do not impair structural strength shall be repaired by cutting out the defective portion to a sufficient depth to remove all defective material, but not less than one-inch depth, the cut being made at right angles to the surface, excepting in the repairing of curbs where a V-notch shall be cut down to the surface of the gutter line The patch shall be applied -by-first thoroughly-cleaning-the surface-of the cut out area and moistening the surface, the area shall be built up in one-half-inch thick layers of mortar of the same proportions as the original concrete It shall be forcibly projected or dashed onto the surface, preferably using a stucco dash-brush, it shall not be brushed or trowled into place When the last course is in place, a board or form material shall be placed against it and struck sharply with a mallet to obtain a surface texture like that of the adjacent concrete All laitance exposed in the work shall be removed, crevices or cracks which will permit frost upheaval or spauling shall be repaired, excess expansion joint material shall be cut down to grade, concrete
subbase cracks shall be sealed except where special subgrade failure is evident, driveway aprons shall be built up to proper grade and expansion joint material properly installed Subgrade failure areas shall be removed and repaired as hereinbefore specified
(b) Storm sewer facilities Manholes, inlets and sewer pipe shall be cleaned of all debris, forms removed and be in first-class condition for the inspection Manhole frames shall have been installed but manhole covers not placed, manholes and inlets to be left open for the inspection, culverts, metal plate pipe arches, endwalls and headwalls shall be constructed in place, forms removed, embankments constructed and finished and the area left in a cleaned up condition and all defects in materials or workmanship shall be repaired or replaced prior to the inspection
(c) Pavements The wearing surface course shall be true to the lines and grades specified and to the thickness stipulated Surface cracks shall be sealed, forms removed, inlets installed and so spaced to afford adequate drainage, expansion and construction joint material shall be cut down to grade, embankments constructed and dressed to finish grade and all dirt and debris swept from the pavement surface prior to the inspection
(d) Seeding and finish grading Grassed areas, including embankments, shall be finished to final grade, seeded and maintained in a satisfactory condition prior to the inspection All areas which require redressing and/or reseeding shall be repaired as stipulated in item 3 7 2 of these specifications
(e) Off-street parking areas, off-street loading areas Prior to semifinal inspection the contractor shall review the work completed for the construction of off-street parking or loading areas and satisfy himself that all phases of construction conform to the specified requirements of items a, b, c and d enumerated above, as they apply to the work, making all the necessary corrections and repairs to ensure inspection approval
3.8.2 inspection checklist.
For convenience of the municipal officials when making the semifinal inspection, a checklist shall be utilized to itemize the various items of correction and/or repair required to be performed by the contractor prior to final acceptance of the work by the municipality The checklist shall be of the type and form established and approved by the governing officials of the municipality The contractor shall receive in writing from the municipality an outline of the additional work he must perform prior to the final inspection
3.8.3 Final inspection.
As specified in item 1 10 5 of these specifications, upon completion of all necessary and required work to correct and/or repair the enumerated items of the semifinal inspection, the contractor shall again notify the municipality in writing of his desire to have performed a final inspection of his work The final inspection shall then be made as hereinbefore specified in item 1.10.5 of these specifications
