1.9.1 Responsibility of the contractor.

(a) The contractor shall notify the Manager and the Engineer three (3) days prior to the date road and street work is to commence so that the municipality may execute the proper forms and arrange for inspection and control.

(b) At all times the contractor shall keep on the project a copy of the approved drawings and a copy of the specifications

(c) The contractor shall be responsible for the entire project in accordance with the drawings and specifications, from the date of the starting of the work-until it is accepted by the Municipality

(d) The contractor shall be responsible for removals, renewals and replacements due to action of the elements and all other causes except as otherwise provided in the specifications The contractor shall keep the contract under his own control and it shall be his responsibility to see that the work is properly supervised and carried on faithfully and efficiently The contractor shall supervise the work and have a competent superintendent or representative who shall be on the project at all times to receive orders and directions from the Engineer and who shall be clothed with full authority by the contractor to execute such orders without delay and make arrangements for all necessary materials, equipment and labor

(e) If the contractor or any of his agents, employees or representatives shall give or offer to give, either directly or indirectly, any money, property, entertainment, or other valuable thing to any employee of the municipality for any reason, purpose or cause or as an inducement, bribe or reward for doing or omitting to do any act or for showing any favor or disfavor in relation to any matter relating to the requirements of the municipality, the making of such gift, offer to give or inducement shall constitute a violation of agreement causing forfeit of all permits, bonds and contracts

1.10.1 Modification of drawings by written agreement.

The drawings herein referred to may be modified and changed from time to time as may be agreed in writing between the Engineer and the contractor in a manner not materially affecting the substance thereof or materially change the unit cost of the work Additional work involved-in such changes shall be paid for at the contract unit price

1.10.2 Additional and extra work.

The contractor shall do such additional work, other than that designated in the estimate of quantities, as may be ordered in writing by the Engineer to complete fully the project as planned and contemplated Where the work is of such character as minor changes, the contractor will receive in full payment for such additional work, the unit price shown in the contract and in the same manner as if such had been included in the original contract Any work for which there is no quantity and price in the contract will be done as extra work at a price to be agreed upon previously in writing by the contractor and the Engineer If no agreement can be reached, said work is to be accomplished on a force-account basis, of which the following percentages are applied

(a) Labor Payroll wage, plus fifteen percent (15%), plus percentages applicable to social security tax, unemployment tax, insurance, etc

(b) Materials Cost plus freight charges, plus ten percent (10%)

(c) Equipment Reasonable hourly rental rate

1.10.3 Measurements of quantities.

All work contemplated under the contract shall be measured upon completion by the Engineer using the unit measurements as stated in the estimate of quantities appearing in the contract The contractor shall be paid for the total number of units times the unit price for the project as completed in accordance with the drawings and specifications

1.10.4 Current estimates, semifinal estimates and acceptance and final payment. (Applicable to improvements initiated by the municipality only.)

At intervals of once a month or from time to time, as mutually agreed, the contractor will be entitled to an approximate estimate of the value of the work completed to the date of the estimate These estimates will be compiled by the Engineer on forms provided by the municipality, and a retainage of ten percent (10%) of moneys due will be applied on each estimate These estimate forms must be signed by the contractor, the Engineer and the Manager prior to the release of funds for payment

When more than ninety-five percent (95%) of the work under the contract has been completed as the Engineer may determine by inspection of the work, the contractor will be entitled to a semifinal estimate, at which tune the payments can be released up to an amount equal to two percent (2%) of the total contract amount Said two percent (2%) shall be retained by the municipality until final acceptance is executed

Final acceptance and final payment shall be executed upon the completion of a final inspection by the municipality and the Engineer, at which time satisfactory compliance to all specifications and plan requirements shall be decided which, in turn, will constitute the issuance of a completion certificate as attached to the contract

1.10.5 Estimates, acceptance, and final payments. (Applicable to improvements in subdivisions initiated by others.)

As set forth in the contract agreement between the municipality and the contractor, the moneys set forth for release as payment for the improvements constructed in accordance with the approved drawings and the applicable specifications shall be governed by and regulated by the municipality and its authorized agents, officials and assistants

The Engineer will be charged with the responsibility of preparing, on forms supplied by the municipality, current estimates at intervals of at least once a month, or as may be mutually agreed from time to time, which shall represent a percentage of the amount of work completed to the date of the estimate To this amount a retainage of ten percent (10%) will be applied to insure satisfactory compliance to the specifications and plan drawings The overall improvement shall be represented by specific items of work to which shall be attached a unit price in order to facilitate the formulation of an estimate These quantities may be applied to the unit prices submitted to the municipality by the contractor, the sum of which represents the approximate monetary value of the improvements covered in the contract Prior to the commencing of the project, the contractor shall submit in writing to the municipality the breakdown of the bid from a reputable constructor, which may or may not be approved and accepted by the municipality as to the amount of surety required under the contract to indemnify the municipality against default and to insure satisfactory completion of the contemplated improvements In most cases, the amount of the surety will be determined from the Engineer's estimate of the total cost of improvements

The form of surety may either be an escrow account established for periodic release of moneys to the constructor or a performance bond covering the total cost of the improvements In any case, current estimates will be issued which, in turn, will constitute periodic payment to the constructor

Upon the completion of ninety-five percent (95%) of the work under the contract, the contractor shall notify the municipality in writing of his desire to have a semifinal inspection conducted This semifinal inspection shall set forth requirements of additional work which may be necessary to fulfill the stipulations of the contract, specifications and plan drawings and shall be transmitted to the contractor in writing In most cases the semifinal inspection will be conducted by the Engineer and/or the Manager who shall in turn formulate the written inspection report Upon the completion of the semifinal inspection, a semifinal estimate shall be issued, which in no case shall exceed the total amount of work required to complete the additional work as set forth in the semifinal inspection report

Upon completion of the notes of the semifinal inspection, the contractor shall again notify the municipality in writing of his desire to perform final inspection The final inspection shall be conducted by the municipality composed of the Board of Supervisors, the Manager, the Engineer and the project inspector, and if the case is such that all improvements are constructed to the satisfaction of the municipality, a final compliance certificate will be issued and subsequently proper legal steps taken to accept the roads and streets in dedication into the township road system

Just before the streets have been taken in dedication, the contractor shall supply the municipality with a maintenance bond of an amount stipulated by the municipality which shall indemnify the township against defective workmanship and materials This maintenance bond shall be in effect for a period of one (1) year from the date of dedication of the streets He shall further present the deed of dedication for the streets and other municipal improvements and supply an as-built plan of the completed improvements

2.1.1 Arterial streets and highways.

Arterial streets and highways are those which are primarily for throughways which carry fast-moving and heavy traffic or may be considered to handle interstate or transcontinental traffic Such streets or highways are generally restricted to limited access, and for the most part the authority for control of access or construction within their rights-of-way is vested within the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation or the Bureau of Public Roads, United States Department of Commerce, or both

2.1.2 Collector streets.

Collector streets are those which carry traffic from primary or secondary streets into the system of arterial or major highways

2.1.3 Primary streets.

Primary streets are those which carry traffic from the secondary streets to the system of collector streets

2.1.4 Secondary streets.

Secondary streets are those which are used primarily for access to abutting properties and generally serve only internally developed areas

2.1.5 Marginal access streets.

Marginal access streets are minor streets of the secondary class which are laid out parallel to and adjacent to arterial streets and highways and which provide access to abutting properties and protection from through traffic

2.1.6 Rural roads or streets.

Rural roads and streets are those serving areas of low population density where abutting properties are of one (1) acre or more in area Roads of this class may be considered a part of the Master Development Plan of the municipality, but shall not be included in any subdivision plan under this classification

2.1.7 Dead-end streets or culs-de-sacs.

The minimum right-of-way-width shall be fifty (50) feet, and the minimum cartway width shall be thirty (30) feet The cul-de-sac in general shall not be more than four hundred (400) feet long terminating in a turnaround with a minimum right-of-way radius of sixty (60) feet and an outer paving radius of fifty (50) feet

2.1.8 Off-street parking areas and/or off-street loading areas.

Off-street parking and/or loading areas are those paved areas located beyond the limits of street rights-of-way established to provide public parking areas to serve commercial and/or industrial establishments or to serve municipal off-street parking facilities

2.2.1 Conformity to master development plan.

Streets shall be arranged in conformity with the Master Development Plan adopted and approved by the governing officials with respect to character, extent, width, grade and location

2.2.2 Projection of existing streets.

The arrangement of streets shall provide for the continuation or approximate projection of existing collector or primary streets in surrounding areas

2.2.3 Street offsets.

Secondary streets shall be so laid out that through traffic will be discouraged In general the intersection interval of secondary streets entering any existing or proposed streets from opposite directions shall be located at not less than one hundred twenty-five (125) feet, from center line to center line, of the next nearest intersection point of the entering street from the opposite side

2.2.4 Restriction of intersections.

Streets of the primary or secondary class shall not intersect with collector streets at intervals of less than eight hundred (800) feet from the same side of the collector street

2.2.5 Marginal access streets to be provided.

Marginal access streets shall be provided when a development adjoins a major highway or arterial routes, thus providing an interior street with all abutting lots facing the same provided with access to the marginal streets

2.2.6 Cul-de-sac streets unacceptable when through streets are feasible.

A.cul-de-sac permanently terminated will not be approved when a through street is practicable The subdivider shall have the burden of showing the impracticability of the through street in order to justify a cul-de-sac

2.2.7 Length limits of cul-de-sac streets.

A.cul-de-sac permanently or temporarily exceeding four hundred (400) feet in length may be approved by the Board if conditions of the land so warrant

2.2.8 Minimum right-of-way radius of cul-de-sac.

A.cul-de-sac permanently terminated according to the subdivision plan shall be provided with a circular turnaround with a minimum right-of-way radius of sixty (60) feet and an outer paving radius of fifty (50) feet

2.2.9 Temporary cul-de-sac.

A.temporary cul-de-sac shall be designed so that the cartway is widened to a fifty-foot width for a distance of seventy-five (75) feet at the turnaround

2.2.10 Cul-de-sac drainage.

Drainage where possible shall be toward the open end

2.2.11 Future extension of cul-de-sac.

Unless future extension is clearly impractical or undesirable, the turnaround right-of-way shall be placed adjacent to a property line, and a right-of-way of the same width as the street shall be carried to the property line in such a way as to permit future extension of the street into the adjoining street At such tine as the street is extended, the area created by the turnaround shall revert ownership to the property owner fronting on the cul-de-sac turnaround

2.2.12 Streets to conform to topography.

The center-line profile of streets shall be adjusted to the contour of the land so as to produce usable lots and streets consistent with reasonable grade, alignment, drainage and future municipal sanitary facilities

2.2.13 Right-of-way width and paving width.

The minimum width of the right-of-way and the paving shall not be less than the following

2.2.14-Street-grading to full width.

The rights-of-way shall be graded to their full width to provide suitable finished grades to the tolerances herein specified In no case shall the rights-of-way be less than that specified above as minimum width

2.2.15 Additional street width may be required.

Provision for additional street width may be required by the governing officials in specific cases for

(a) Public safety and convenience

(b) Parking in commercial or industrial areas and in areas of high-density residential developments

(c) Widening existing streets where the minimum width outlined in these specifications does not meet with the specific requirements of the individual street

2.3.1 Minimum radii.

The minimum radius at the center line for curves on collector streets shall be five hundred (500) feet, for primary streets three hundred fifty (350) feet and for secondary streets or rural roads one hundred fifty (150) feet

2.3.2 Superelevation.

All curves shall be superelevated in accordance with the accompanying table of these specifications The values established within this table are based on a variable rate of superelevation ranging from one-fourth (1/4) inch per foot of width to one-and-one-fourth-inch per foot of width The minimum superelevation for curves shall be four (4) inches for pavement width twenty (20) feet or less

The width of graded roadways to be superelevated shall be determined upon the designated or anticipated width of paving to be placed at a future time

On all types of pavement or all subbase construction, curves to be superelevated shall conform to the requirements set forth in the table, the crown will be removed and the slope will be uniform from the inside to the outside of the pavement Full superelevation will be attained at the P C and the P T with runouts as indicated in the table

The normal grade of the inside edge of the pavement or the center line of the pavement will be held as a baseline from which all superelevation will be applied The method to be used shall be as directed by the Engineer

Rate of Superelevation and Tangent Runout

(Applicable to Collector Streets Only)

Rate of Superelevation and Tangent Runout

(Applicable to Collector Streets Only)